Exploring eye-tracking data as an indicator of situational awareness in nursing students during a cardiorespiratory arrest simulation.

AIM: To examine the components of visual attention that maintain situational awareness during simulation training in undergraduate nursing students with different instruction levels. BACKGROUND: Eye-tracking can provide deep insight into the nurses' attention during simulated practice. Knowing which gaze patterns promote situational awareness can significantly improve nurse instruction. DESIGN: A comparative observational study investigated the role of visual attention on the performance quality, psychophysiological parameters (vital signs, anxiety and stress) and socioemotional competencies (cognitive workload, motivation and self-efficacy) of nursing students with various experience levels. METHODS: Thirty nursing students divided into two groups according to their academic level: first cycle (n=14) and second-cycle (n=16) faced a clinical simulation scenario to resolve a cardiorespiratory arrest event. Eye tracking-based analysis required the selection of six areas of interest. The monitorization of vital signs included measuring blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation before and after the simulation practice. Participants completed the socioemotional questionnaire (NASA-TLX). They answered the state subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of stress, the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) and the Baessler and Schwarzer General Self-Efficacy Scale. RESULTS: The first-cycle group displayed higher vital sign scores than the second cycle, apart from the post-simulation respiratory rate. All physiological parameters increased in mean value after the clinical simulation, except oxygen saturation. Anxiety was the only parameter in the socioemotional domain to present a statistically significant difference between the groups. First-year nursing students showed greater anxiety, stress, mental workload, identified regulation and intrinsic motivation, while second-year students showed higher levels of amotivation, external regulation and perceived self-efficacy. Eye-tracking data (revisits, gaze and duration of fixations) exhibited statistically significant differences depending on the area of interest in both groups (p =. 05). The performance outcomes showed a negative and moderate association with gaze the total number of gazes in the second-cycle group (rho = -0.640, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION: Eye-tracking-based analysis can help to predict performance quality while maintaining situational awareness during nursing instruction.

Impact of a COVID-19 Outbreak in an Elderly Care Home after Primary Vaccination.

Elderly care home residents are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to immune-senescence, pre-existing medical conditions, and the risk of transmission from staff and visitors. This study aimed to describe the outcomes of a COVID-19 outbreak in a long-term care facility for elderly persons following the initial vaccination. A single-center, retrospective, observational design was used to analyze the variables associated with hospitalization and death rate by logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Sixty-eight residents received the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Despite being negative six days after vaccination, the performance of a second test 4 days later revealed 51 positives (75.0%) among residents and 18 among workers (56.3%). A total of 65 of the 68 residents (95.58%) had positive results with symptoms, whereas 34.9% required hospitalization, and 25.8% died. The best-fitting model to explain the distribution of cases reflects three points at the time of infection.. The time from vaccination to symptom onset explains the hospitalization and mortality rates since a day elapsed halves the risk of hospitalization (aOR = 0.57; CI = 0.38-0.75) and the risk of death by a quarter (aOR = 0.74; CI = 0.63-0.88). Nursing homes present an elevated risk of transmission and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although vaccination reduces the risk of hospitalization and death, extreme prevention and control measures are essential in these institutions despite the high vaccination coverage.

Using Task-Evoked Pupillary Response to Predict Clinical Performance during a Simulation Training.

Training in healthcare skills can be affected by trainees' workload when completing a task. Due to cognitive processing demands being negatively correlated to clinical performance, assessing mental workload through objective measures is crucial. This study aimed to investigate task-evoked changes in pupil size as reliable markers of mental workload and clinical performance. A sample of 49 nursing students participated in a cardiac arrest simulation-based practice. Measurements of cognitive demands (NASA-Task Load Index), physiological parameters (blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and heart rate), and pupil responses (minimum, maximum, and difference diameters) throughout revealed statistically significant differences according to performance scores. The analysis of a multiple regression model produced a statistically significant pattern between pupil diameter differences and heart rate, systolic blood pressure, workload, and performance (R2 = 0.280; F (6, 41) = 2.660; p < 0.028; d = 2.042). Findings suggest that pupil variations are promising markers to complement physiological metrics for predicting mental workload and clinical performance in medical practice.

Identification of cohesive subgroups in a university hall of residence during the COVID-19 pandemic using a social network analysis approach.

THE AIMS: (i) analyze connectivity between subgroups of university students, (ii) assess which bridges of relational contacts are essential for connecting or disconnecting subgroups and (iii) to explore the similarities between the attributes of the subgroup nodes in relation to the pandemic context. During the COVID-19 pandemic, young university students have experienced significant changes in their relationships, especially in the halls of residence. Previous research has shown the importance of relationship structure in contagion processes. However, there is a lack of studies in the university setting, where students live closely together. The case study methodology was applied to carry out a descriptive study. The participation consisted of 43 university students living in the same hall of residence. Social network analysis has been applied for data analysis. Factions and Girvan-Newman algorithms have been applied to detect the existing cohesive subgroups. The UCINET tool was used for the calculation of the SNA measure. A visualization of the global network will be carried out using Gephi software. After applying the Girvan-Newman and Factions, in both cases it was found that the best division into subgroups was the one that divided the network into 4 subgroups. There is high degree of cohesion within the subgroups and a low cohesion between them. The relationship between subgroup membership and gender was significant. The degree of COVID-19 infection is related to the degree of clustering between the students. College students form subgroups in their residence. Social network analysis facilitates an understanding of structural behavior during the pandemic. The study provides evidence on the importance of gender, race and the building where they live in creating network structures that favor, or not, contagion during a pandemic.

Effectiveness of Oral Sensory-Motor Stimulation in Premature Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Systematic Review.

The aim of this study was to identify and to assess the best evidence currently available on the effectiveness of oral sensory-motor stimulation in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. We performed a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statements. The search was conducted using the Pubmed, Web of Science (WOS), PEDro and Scopus databases. Clinical trials were reviewed and PEDro rating scale was used to assess the methodological quality of these studies. Results: 1267 studies were found and 11 were relevant and included in this review. Improvements were obtained in achieving independent feeding, maturation of the sucking pattern, transition to full feeding, motor function and length of hospital stay in most studies. Conclusions: there is evidence to support the benefits of the use of oral sensorimotor stimulation to achieve independent oral feeding in preterm infants, thereby reducing their stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Effect of Psychophysiological Stress and Socio-Emotional Competencies on the Clinical Performance of Nursing Students during a Simulation Practice.

Psychophysiological stress can affect the cognitive response and effective learning of students during medical simulation practices. This study aimed to explore the effect of psychophysiological stress and socio-emotional competencies on clinical performance during a simulation experience. A pre-test/post-test design was used to assess physiological (blood pressure, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation) and psychological parameters (stress and anxiety) as well as socio-emotional skills (cognitive load, self-efficacy and motivation) in nursing students (n = 40) before and after the simulation of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation practice. Physiological responses showed statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test conditions for blood pressure and heart rate (p < 0.0001). Moderate and significant correlations were also observed when comparing self-efficacy with stress (r = -0.445, p = 0.004), anxiety (r = -0.467, p = 0.002) and motivation (r = -0.406, p = 0.009) measures. Similarly, cognitive-load dimensions were significantly associated with either physiological (r = -0.335, p = 0.034) or psychological (r = -0.448, p = 0.004) indicators. The analysis of multiple regression models revealed a relationship between the effectiveness of the simulated experience, post-test blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, workload and self-efficacy (R2 = 0.490; F (3, 39) = 8.305; p < 0.0001; d = 1.663). Therefore, the evaluation of psychophysiological parameters and socio-emotional skills seems to provide a promising framework for predicting the quality of simulated clinical practices.

Specific Competencies of Prehospital Emergency Nursing: The Views of Spanish University Professors.

BACKGROUND: The guarantee of nursing competence in prehospital urgent care requires the identification and delimitation of the specific competencies. This work describes the importance attributed by professors of Spanish universities to the competencies of prehospital nursing positions and indicates the most appropriate training level required to achieve them. METHOD: The current work consisted of a survey with an online questionnaire. Sixty competencies over 10 domains were studied. RESULTS: The most valued domains were those of general and personal competencies. The competencies considered most important were "Recognizes the vital risk and knows how to perform basic and advanced life support maneuvers" and "Provides quality health care." The nursing degree is considered appropriate to train students to the required level in only eight competencies. CONCLUSION: The proposed competencies can be considered as specific competencies necessary in prehospital emergency nursing. Effective performance requires training to a higher level than a nursing degree. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2020;51(12):556-567.].

Effect of Facial Skin Temperature on the Perception of Anxiety: A Pilot Study.

The extent of anxiety and psychological stress can impact upon the optimal performance of simulation-based practices. The current study investigates the association between differences in skin temperature and perceived anxiety by under- (n = 21) and post-graduate (n = 19) nursing students undertaking a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. Thermal facial gradients from selected facial regions were correlated with the scores assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the chest compression quality parameters measured using mannequin-integrated accelerometer sensors. A specific temperature profile was obtained depending on thermal facial variations before and after the simulation event. Statistically significant correlations were found between STAI scale scores and the temperature facial recordings in the forehead (r = 0.579; p < 0.000), periorbital (r = 0.394; p < 0.006), maxillary (r = 0.328; p < 0.019) and neck areas (r = 0.284; p < 0.038). Significant associations were also observed by correlating CPR performance parameters with the facial temperature values in the forehead (r = 0.447; p < 0.002), periorbital (r = 0.446; p < 0.002) and maxillary areas (r = 0.422; p < 0.003). These preliminary findings suggest that higher anxiety levels result in poorer clinical performance and can be correlated to temperature variations in certain facial regions.

A Narrative Review of the Description of Training Profiles Used for Emergency Nursing Care Worldwide.

BACKGROUND: This study describes the training profiles of emergency care nurses worldwide, which can serve as a guide for training these professionals. METHOD: A narrative review was developed. RESULTS: Five training profiles were identified, according to the requirements of undergraduate, postgraduate, complementary training, and previous work experience within the training itineraries of emergency nursing worldwide. CONCLUSION: The most appropriate level of training for emergency nursing is the 1-year postgraduate level (academic or specialty). The description of these profiles can guide the regulatory organizations and professionals regarding the most appropriate training requirements for effective, safe, and adjusted care assistance. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2019;50(12):543-550.].

[Psychological distress in health sciences college students and its relationship with academic engagement]. / Malestar psicológico en estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud y su relació con engagement academic.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of psychological distress and its relationship with academic engagement (absorption, dedication and vigor), sex and degree among students from four public universities. METHOD: A non-experimental,comparative correlational, quantitative investigation without intervention. STUDY POPULATION: 1840 nursing and physical therapy students. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire. RESULTS: A 32.2% prevalence of psychological distress was found in the subjects; a correlation between vigor and psychological distress was found for all of the subjects and also for women. High absorption and dedication scores and low psychological distress scores predicted higher vigor scores. CONCLUSION: The risk of psychological distress is high, especially for women. Women seem to have a higher level of psychological distress than men. Vigor, energy and mental resilience positively influence psychological distress and can be a vehicle for better results during the learning and studying process.

Psychological distress in health sciences college students and its relationship with academic engagement / Mal-estar psicológico em estudantes universitários de ciências da saúde e sua relação com o Engagement / Malestar psicológico en estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud y su relación con engagement académico

Objective: To determine the prevalence of psychological distress and its relationship with academic engagement (absorption, dedication and vigor), sex and degree among students from four public universities. Method: A non-experimental,comparative correlational, quantitative investigation without intervention. Study population: 1840 nursing and physical therapy students. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire. Results: A 32.2% prevalence of psychological distress was found in the subjects; a correlation between vigor and psychological distress was found for all of the subjects and also for women. High absorption and dedication scores and low psychological distress scores predicted higher vigor scores. Conclusion: The risk of psychological distress is high, especially for women. Women seem to have a higher level of psychological distress than men. Vigor, energy and mental resilience positively influence psychological distress and can be a vehicle for better results during the learning and studying process.





.

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência do mal-estar psicológico e a sua relação com o engagement acadêmico (absorção, dedicação e vigor) e as variáveis ​​sexo e formação profissional em estudantes de quatro universidades públicas. Método: Investigação quantitativa sem intervenção, estudo não experimental e correlacional comparativo. A amostra foi constituída por 1.840 alunos de Enfermagem e Fisioterapia e o instrumento de coleta de dados foi o questionário. Resultados: A prevalência do mal-estar psicológico foi encontrada em 32,2% dos indivíduos; foram encontradas correlações entre vigor e mal-estar psicológico para o conjunto dos sujeitos, principalmente para o grupo das mulheres. A existência de escores elevados para dedicação e absorção, e baixos para mal-estar psicológico é preditora de pontuações mais elevadas em vigor. Conclusão: O risco de mal-estar psicológico é elevado, especialmente nas mulheres. Estas se percebem com maior mal-estar psicológico que os homens. O vigor, a energia e a resistência, aplicados na relação com os estudos influenciam positivamente o mal-estar psicológico e podem ser um veículo para melhores resultados de aprendizagem
.
.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del malestar psicológico y su relación con el engagement académico (absorción, dedicación y vigor) y con variables sexo y titulación, de los estudiantes de cuatro universidades públicas. Método: Estudio comparativo correlacional, investigación cuantitativa sin intervención, no experimental. Población 1840 estudiantes de Enfermería y Fisioterapia. La herramienta de recogida de datos fue el cuestionario. Resultados: Prevalencia de malestar psicológico en el 32.2% de los sujetos; se hallaron correlaciones entre vigor y malestar psicológico para el conjunto de sujetos y para el grupo de las mujeres. Las puntuaciones altas en absorción y dedicación y bajas en malestar psicológico, predicen valoraciones más altas en vigor. Conclusión: El riesgo de malestar psicológico es alto, especialmente para las mujeres. Éstas se perciben con mayor malestar psicológico que los hombres. El vigor, energía y resistencia con los estudios, influye positivamente sobre el malestar psicológico y puede ser un vehículo para unos mejores resultados del aprendizaje.
.

Tobacco use amongst nursing and physiotherapy students: a cross sectional questionnaire survey.

AIM: The aim of this research was to evaluate the prevalence, knowledge and attitudes of tobacco use in the students of the School of Health Sciences in the Campus of Ponferrada (University of León, Spain). Two-hundred and sixty-six (88.3% of respondents) students were assessed by a confidential questionnaire, which was distributed, completed by the students and collected in the same session. METHODS: This was a descriptive quantitative survey research design to examine the tobacco use among nursing and physiotherapy students. RESULTS: The global prevalence was 29.3%. In relation to academic courses we have observed statistical significance (p=0.006). Therefore students increased tobacco use while their training at the school. Seventy (89.7%) of students were smokers prior to commencing degree. Nursing students declared were unfamiliar with strategies and methods to help people to quit. The first academic course students (78.6%) significantly differed (p=0.009) from second and third course. We have found scores statistically significant (p=0.04) about the students opinion about health professionals social role function. CONCLUSION: Tobacco consumption in university health students in the third year was higher than people aged 16-24 years old reported from the National Health Survey. The findings showed a great need to improve the curricular content in the area of tobacco including information, prevention, and treatment.